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XALATAN
(generic name: Latanoprost) |
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Reviews |
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J Glaucoma. 2005 Apr;14(2):157-160.
The Effect of Combination Pharmacotherapy on the Prescription
Trends of Glaucoma Medications.
Kaiserman I, Kaiserman N, Nakar S, Vinker S.
From the *Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital,
Jerusalem, Israel; daggerDepartment of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and double daggerDepartment
of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Central District, Rehovot, Israel.
PURPOSE:: To describe prescription trends within a managed care setting
for glaucoma medications and to examine the effect of introduction of Cosopt(R)
-a fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol. PATIENTS AND METHODS::
All prescriptions dispensed to any of the 470,350 members of an Israeli
health maintenance organization were monthly scanned for patients treated
for glaucoma, between January 2000 and May 2003. The monthly mean number
of glaucoma patients was 3899 +/- 104 (mean +/- SD). All topical glaucoma
prescriptions were documented, and the monthly prescription rate of each
medication was calculated and plotted. The monitored glaucoma medications
were: beta-adrenergic antagonists, dorzolamide, latanoprost, pilocarpine,
brimonidine, Cosopt(R), and others. RESULTS:: beta-adrenergic antagonists
were the top prescribing drug (>35% of all glaucoma prescriptions). The
prescription rates of pilocarpine and beta-adrenergic antagonists were in
constant decline, while latanoprost and brimonidine increased steadily.
The introduction of Cosopt(R) changed the prescription trends of dorzolamide
from increasing to rapidly decreasing, and accelerated the long-term decline
of beta-adrenergic antagonists. Concomitant with the introduction of Cosopt(R)
the prescription rate of beta-adrenergic antagonists temporarily increased.
This was due to a total increase in glaucoma prescriptions. When Cosopt(R)
was introduced, 37.5% of patients were prescribed Cosopt(R) together with
beta-adrenergic antagonists, and 16.5% also received dorzolamide. Thereafter
the co-prescription decreased steadily. CONCLUSIONS:: Introduction of a
combination drug should be accompanied by physicians', pharmacists', and
patients' education to prevent its inappropriate usage together with its
components. |
Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Feb;123(2):186-92.
Blood-aqueous barrier changes after the use of prostaglandin
analogues in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia: a 6-month randomized
trial.
Arcieri ES, Santana A, Rocha FN, Guapo GL, Costa VP.
Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas,
Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogues on the
blood-aqueous barrier and to evaluate the occurrence of cystoid macular
edema in aphakic or pseudophakic patients with glaucoma. METHODS: In this
randomized, masked-observer, 6-month clinical trial, patients with primary
open-angle, pseudophakic, or aphakic glaucoma were treated once daily with
bimatoprost (n = 16), latanoprost (n = 15), or travoprost (n = 17) or twice
daily with unoprostone (n = 16) or lubricant drops (control group) (n =
16). Blood-aqueous barrier status, which was assessed using a laser flare
meter; intraocular pressure; the occurrence of angiographic cystoid macular
edema; and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean flare values
were significantly higher in the bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost
groups throughout follow-up (P < .02). Four latanoprost-treated eyes,
1 bimatoprost-treated eye, and 1 travoprost-treated eye developed cystoid
macular edema; all cases resolved after discontinuation of the prostaglandin
analogue and treatment with topical diclofenac sodium. Mean intraocular
pressure reductions after 6 months were higher for the latanoprost (26%),
bimatoprost (28%), and travoprost (29%) groups than for the control (3%)
and unoprostone (14%) groups (P< .05). Bimatoprost induced significantly
higher hyperemia scores than latanoprost, unoprostone, and placebo (P<
.01). CONCLUSION: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost use may lead
to disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in patients with pseudophakia
and aphakia. |
| Adv Ther. 2004 Jul-Aug;21(4):203-13.
Efficacy of latanoprost and timolol maleate in black
and white patients.
Kitnarong N, Zhao Y, Netland PA, Kent AR.
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163,
USA.
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of latanoprost 0.005%
and timolol maleate 0.5% in black and white patients with elevated intraocular
pressure (IOP). This double-masked, randomized, 2-period crossover study
included 39 eyes in 22 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular
hypertension. After a 2- to 4-week washout period, patients were randomly
assigned to receive either vehicle placebo in the morning and latanoprost
in the evening or timolol maleate twice daily for 6 weeks. Then, after
a 4-week washout period, patients received the opposing treatment for
6 weeks. Both latanoprost and timolol maleate significantly lowered IOP
from baseline in both black and white patients. Latanoprost treatment
was associated with lower mean IOP compared with timolol treatment in
black patients (P = .013 at 8 AM, P = .19 at 10 AM). At 10 AM at the end
of the treatment period, the mean +/- SD change from baseline IOP in black
patients receiving latanoprost was significantly greater than that of
white patients (-10.2 +/- 7.0 and -5.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, respectively; P
= .042). The mean +/- SD change from baseline IOPs in black patients was
not significantly different from that in white patients at 8 AM at the
end of the treatment period for the latanoprost group and at 8 AM and
10 AM at the end of the treatment period for the timolol maleate group.
In white patients, the change from baseline IOP in light (grade 1) irises
was not significantly different from dark (grade 5) irises after treatment
with either latanoprost or timolol maleate. In summary, intraocular pressure
after treatment with latanoprost was lower than that after timolol treatment
in black patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension,
and at 1 of 2 timepoints, latanoprost caused a significantly greater reduction
of IOP in black patients than in white patients. |
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Drug information |
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| GENERIC NAME: latanoprost
BRAND NAME: Xalatan
DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Latanoprost, a derivative of
the chemical, prostaglandin F2-alpha, is used for the treatment of glaucoma.
Glaucoma is a condition in which the pressure exerted by the liquid within
the eyeball (the aqueous humor) is too great. The high pressure damages
the optic nerve at the back of the eye. The damage interferes with the
ability of the nerve to transmit visual images from the eye to the brain
and thus can lead to blindness. Latanoprost, by binding to a specific
receptor for prostaglandin, increases the flow of aqueous humor out of
the eye, thereby reducing the pressure within the eye and reducing the
risk of nerve damage and blindness. When latanoprost and timolol (Timoptic)
(a different drug that also is used to treat glaucoma) are used in combination,
there is a greater reduction in pressure than when either drug is used
alone. Latanoprost was approved by the FDA in 1996.
PREPARATIONS: Ophthalmic solution 0.005%: 2.5ml.
STORAGE: Latanoprost should be kept at room temperature,
15-30°C (59-86°F) and protected for direct light.
PRESCRIBED FOR: Latanoprost is used for the treatment
of glaucoma.
DOSING: The hands should be washed before each use of
latanoprost or any eye medication. The head is tilted back and the lower
eyelid is pulled down with the index finger to form a pouch. (It is important
not to touch the tip of the dropper to the eye or the eyelid so that bacteria
are not introduced into the bottle.) The bottle is squeezed slightly to
allow the prescribed number of drops into the pouch. The eye then is closed
gently for 2 to 3 minutes without blinking. The usual dose is one drop
into the affected eye once daily.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: No drug interactions have been described
with latanoprost eye drops.
PREGNANCY: Although no human studies have assessed the
effects of latanoprost on the fetus, animal studies have shown damage
to the fetus. Physicians should use latanoprost during pregnancy only
if its benefits are deemed to outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.
NURSING MOTHERS: It is not known if latanoprost is secreted
into breast milk.
SIDE EFFECTS: Between 5% and 15% (between 1 in 20 and
1 in 6) of persons receiving latanoprost for 6 months report at least
one side effect localized to the eyes. These side effects included blurred
vision, redness, a sensation of a foreign body, discoloration of the iris,
itching, burning, and stinging. Discoloration of the iris begins happens
slowly. It is caused by an increase in the amount of brown pigment in
the iris and may be permanent. Other side effects which have been reported
less frequently include dryness of the eyes, increased tearing, eye pain
and other eye-related discomfort.
Caution! Before starting
to take this medicine, it is vital that you should consult your doctor!
Do not use it on your own initiative, without medical advice.
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Order now ! |
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XALATAN
Substance: Latanoprostum
Manufacturer: Pfizer
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Dosage |
Packing |
Price |
Pay now |
125 mcg |
1x2.5 ml |
USD 63.00 |
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